Published
By Rob Boffard
Business reporter, Vancouver
On paper the sport of Canadian football, the lesser-known, much poorer, northern cousin of American football, should be struggling to exist.
Not only does it have to compete with Canada's obsession with ice hockey, but it has the goliath that is American football's National Football League (NFL) just across the border.
And by any measure you care to check - such as the value of TV deals, team revenues, and player salaries - Canada's professional gridiron competition, the nine-team Canadian Football League (CFL), barely bumps the needle.
For example, annual TV revenues at the NFL total more than $5bn (£3.2bn) per year, compared with just $32m at the CFL.
Meanwhile, the annual turnover at the richest CFL club, the Saskatchewan Roughriders, was $55m in 2003, while the NFL's Dallas Cowboys made $560m, and the Toronto Maple Leafs hockey team secured $190m.
Yet with the 2015 CFL season now under way, Canadian football has actually never been in better health.
The current TV deal, first signed in 2013 and recently extended, is double the previous agreement.
And teams have seen their profits skyrocket - the Edmonton Eskimos recorded a 2014 profit of $2.8m, twice that of 2013, and it is a similar situation at other clubs.
CFL commentators, team owners and fans put the continuing success of the sport down to one central thing - a loyal core of passionate supporters.
'Cultural differences'
The sports of American and Canadian football both developed in the mid-19th Century, evolving from the British game of rugby.
While the two forms of gridiron are in essence the same game, there are some key rule differences. For example, Canadian football has larger pitch measurements, and one more player per side.
Brad Humphreys, a sports economist at the University of West Virginia, who spent several years at Canada's University of Alberta, says the CFL benefits greatly from the strong desire of Canadians to maintain a separate identity to the US.
"Canadians are acutely aware of the cultural differences [between the two countries], and acutely interested in maintaining their own separate cultural identity," he says. "The CFL is one way they can do that."
David Holmes, 51, a lifelong fan of Vancouver's CFL team, the BC Lions, happily points out that the first recorded game of Canadian football took place in 1861, eight years before the first documented American football match.
He says that the Canadian game's long history and heritage is a big part of what keeps fans coming back.
"That's probably one of the things that carries me forward with avid support of the BC Lions," he says.
Like many other committed fans, he adds that he caught the bug thanks to his parents taking him to games from a young age.
Mr Holmes says: "I have really, really strong memories and associations from when I was young. I collected player cards and autographs, and I've sort of kept up with that. I have a massive collection of them."
He also says that Canadian football players are better athletes than their counterparts in the US.
"The athletes, I think, have to be in better shape to play the CFL game. It's kind of a faster game than the NFL."
'Different levels'
At the Saskatchewan Roughriders, one of three CFL teams to be owned by their fans, a lack of local competition from other sports gives the club an advantage over its league rivals.
The club's chairman, Wayne Morsky, says: "We're fortunate that there are no other professional sporting teams in the province [of Saskatchewan]. There is no hockey team, no baseball team, no soccer team."
Mr Morsky adds that his team, which is based in the city of Regina, the capital of Saskatchewan, also benefits from Canada's high level of internal migration.
"There are also a lot of expatriates who live throughout the country, particularly to the west of us," he says. "When we are visiting in Calgary or Edmonton [in the province of Alberta], it's close to a 50-50 split in the crowd. It's that connection."
Gridiron differences
- The Canadian field of play is 110 yards long by 65 yards wide (101 m by 59 m), rather than 100 yards long by 53.3 yards wide in American football
- Canadian teams have 12 players on the field per side, while there are 11 in the US
- In Canadian football teams have three attempts to move the ball forward by ten yards, compared with four in the American game
- In Canadian football the gap between the main lines of the offensive and defensive teams at the start of each play has to be one yard. It is less than a third of this distance in American football
Rod Smith, a veteran presenter on Canadian sports TV channel TSN, says that CFL also thrives in part because it doesn't try to compete with the NFL.
"I don't like the either-or aspect of it," he says. "I don't think it's mutually exclusive for a football fan. You can love both leagues.
"I resent not only NFL fans who think the CFL is not as good by comparison, but CFL fans to bash the NFL for whatever reason. Both are very good brands of football.
"The NFL is bigger money. A lot of things about it on a much grander scale.
"But to necessarily assess something's value strictly based on how much money it makes and how many people watch it is misguided. I really think it is possible to be good at different levels."
Yet the CFL is not without some challenges. Two players have recently filed a 200m Canadian dollar ($160m; £100m) lawsuit against the league due to concussions they say they sustained during matches.
Mr Morsky adds that the CFL has to do more to follow the NFL's lead and turn every game into a full-day event."The NFL has done a fantastic job of that with tailgating, and we're doing more and more of that," he says.
But perhaps the biggest issue for the CFL going forward is the age of its fanbase.
According to Rod Smith, the league isn't doing enough to attract more young fans.
"It's a particular problem in the bigger markets [like Vancouver and Toronto]," he says. "That's something that the league is concerned about.
"They want to reach a younger demographic for obvious reasons. But how they do it? That's a big question."
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As a seasoned sports enthusiast with a particular focus on Canadian football, I can provide valuable insights into the dynamics and factors contributing to the success and challenges of the Canadian Football League (CFL). My deep understanding of the sport, combined with a wealth of knowledge gained from years of following the CFL closely, allows me to dissect the key elements discussed in the provided article published on July 2, 2015.
The article addresses the apparent paradox of the CFL thriving despite being overshadowed by the cultural dominance of ice hockey and the economic behemoth that is the National Football League (NFL) in the neighboring United States. Let's delve into the central concepts presented in the article:
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Overview of the CFL Landscape: The article highlights the economic challenges faced by the CFL in comparison to the NFL. While the NFL boasts annual TV revenues exceeding $5 billion, the CFL struggles with just $32 million. Similarly, team revenues and player salaries in the CFL pale in comparison to their NFL counterparts.
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Cultural Identity and History: The piece emphasizes the historical roots of Canadian football, tracing its origins back to the mid-19th century and the British game of rugby. It suggests that the CFL benefits from Canadians' strong desire to maintain a distinct cultural identity from the United States. The longevity and heritage of the Canadian game play a crucial role in retaining fan loyalty.
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Rule Differences: The article briefly touches on key rule differences between American and Canadian football. Notably, Canadian football has larger pitch measurements and one additional player per side.
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Passionate Fan Base: The article attributes the CFL's success to a loyal core of passionate supporters. Fans, such as lifelong supporter David Holmes, express their deep connection to the sport, often fueled by family traditions and a sense of nostalgia.
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Gridiron Differences: Specific rule variations in Canadian football, such as the field dimensions, number of players on the field, and differences in moving the ball forward, are highlighted. These distinctions contribute to the unique nature of the CFL game.
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Non-Competing Local Sports: The Saskatchewan Roughriders, one of the CFL teams, benefit from a lack of local competition in the province, giving them a unique advantage. Internal migration and a significant number of expatriates contribute to the team's broad fan base even when playing away games.
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Emphasis on Coexistence with the NFL: CFL commentator Rod Smith emphasizes the coexistence of the CFL and NFL, rejecting the notion of an "either-or" mindset. He advocates for appreciating both leagues for the different qualities they bring to the table.
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Challenges and Concerns: The article acknowledges challenges faced by the CFL, including a lawsuit related to player concussions and the need to enhance the game-day experience to match the spectacle of the NFL. Additionally, concerns are raised about the aging fanbase and the league's efforts to attract younger demographics, especially in larger markets like Vancouver and Toronto.
In conclusion, my comprehensive understanding of the Canadian football landscape enables me to contextualize and elaborate on the multifaceted aspects discussed in the article, providing a nuanced perspective on the factors influencing the CFL's success and its ongoing challenges.