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- Organic Chemistry
- why tertiary alkyl halide is stable than...
giya memon,
6 years ago
Grade:10
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1 Answers
6 years ago
Dear student
A tertiary alkyl halide ismore reactiveand thereforeless stablethan a secondary alkyl halide as it reacts faster in SN1 nucleophillic substitution and does not react via SN2 due to the static hinderance of the halogen atom by the three alkyl groups attached to the carbon atom with the halogen atom attached (SN1 is faster than SN2). It reacts faster in SN1 as alkyl groups are electron donating, therefore the halogen atom is more easily lost and the tertiary carbocation formed ismore stablethan a secondary carbocation due to theelectron pushing effectof the three surrounding alkyl groups, meaning that there is morehyperconjugationand the tertiary carbocation is at alower energy leveland thereforemore stable, so the overall process ismore exothermicand the reaction is morethermodynamically feasibleand thus more likely to occur spontaneously at room temperature (thus tertiary alkyl halides are more reactive).
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Arun (askIITians forum expert)
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